L78M12CV

Product Overview

• Category: Voltage Regulator
• Use: To regulate and stabilize the output voltage in electronic circuits
• Characteristics:
  • Fixed output voltage of 12V
  • Maximum output current of 500mA
  • Low dropout voltage
  • Thermal overload protection
• Package: TO-220
• Essence: Integrated circuit voltage regulator
• Packaging/Quantity: Available in reels or tubes, quantity depends on supplier

Specifications

• Input Voltage Range: 14V to 35V
• Output Voltage: 12V ±4%
• Output Current: Up to 500mA
• Dropout Voltage: 2V (typical)
• Line Regulation: 0.04% (typical)
• Load Regulation: 0.3% (typical)
• Operating Temperature Range: -40°C to +125°C

Detailed Pin Configuration

The L78M12CV has three pins:

1. Input (VIN): Connects to the input voltage source.
2. Ground (GND): Connected to the ground reference of the circuit.
3. Output (VOUT): Provides the regulated output voltage.

Functional Features

• Regulates and stabilizes the output voltage within a specified range.
• Provides thermal overload protection, preventing damage due to excessive heat.
• Low dropout voltage ensures efficient regulation even with low input-output voltage differentials.
• Suitable for use in various electronic applications requiring a fixed 12V output.

Advantages

• Easy to use and integrate into electronic circuits.
• Compact size and TO-220 package allow for space-efficient designs.
• Reliable and stable output voltage regulation.
• Wide operating temperature range enables usage in extreme environments.

Disadvantages

• Limited maximum output current of 500mA may not be sufficient for high-power applications.
• Dropout voltage of 2V may result in higher power dissipation and reduced efficiency in low input-output voltage scenarios.

Working Principles

The L78M12CV is a linear voltage regulator that uses a series pass transistor to regulate the output voltage. It compares the reference voltage with the feedback voltage and adjusts the pass transistor accordingly to maintain a stable output voltage. The internal circuitry ensures thermal protection by monitoring the temperature and reducing the output current if it exceeds safe limits.

Detailed Application Field Plans

The L78M12CV can be used in various electronic applications, including:

1. Power supplies for microcontrollers and other digital ICs.
2. Automotive electronics, such as car audio systems and dashboard displays.
3. Industrial control systems requiring a stable 12V power source.
4. Battery charging circuits.
5. Audio amplifiers and preamplifiers.

Detailed and Complete Alternative Models

Some alternative models to the L78M12CV include:

1. LM7812: A popular 12V voltage regulator with similar specifications.
2. MC7812: Another widely used 12V linear voltage regulator.
3. UA7812: A fixed 12V regulator from Texas Instruments.

These alternatives offer similar functionality and can be used as replacements depending on specific requirements.

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